Internal combustion motor



INTERNAL 'COMBUSTION MOTOR I Filed March 12, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 10 I 0 a 00 on. I 1

, I 5 I 7 x N a o. WITTENBERG ET AL 2,016,734 I Patented Oct. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Otto Wittenberg and Eugene Harsanyi,

Budapest, Hungary Application March 12, 1931, Serial No. 522,104

In Hungary March 26, 1930 1 Claim.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors with valves located in the cylinder head. The improvement consists in arranging the inlet and exhaust valves under different angles, the preferred construction being to arrange the stem of the one, preferably of the inlet valve, under an acute angle and the stem of the other valve, under a right angle to the axisof the cylinder bore. In consequence the compression chamber is a cylindrical extension of the cylinder bore, having a flat bottom oblique to the axis of the cylinder, while the one valve, preferably the admission valve, is located in the bottom, and the other valve in the cylindrical surface of the compression chamber. The plane of the cylinder bottom connects preferably the point of the valve seat in the mantle surface most remote from the inner end of the piston stroke with the diametrically opposite point of the inner end of the piston stroke. The cylinder head is preferably divided in the plane of the cylinder bottom.

The drawings show three modifications of an example of the embodiment ofthe invention.

Fig. l is a sectional elevation of a motor according to the invention with a lower cam shaft common to the inlet and exhaust valves.

Fig. 2 is a modified form of the valve gear with upper cam shaft common to the inlet and exhaust valves.

Fig. 3 shows a valve gear with separate upper cam shaft for the inlet'and exhaust valves.

l is the crank shaft of the motor, 2 is the piston and 3 is the cylinder. The compression chamber is a cylindrical extension of the bore of the cylinder 3, with the same diameter and cut according to an oblique plane a:x forming an acute angle 2: with the axis yy of the cylinder 3. The angle 2 is preferably smaller than 45, but larger than 30, most suitably 40. The cylinder head is preferably divided along the plane a:-a:, so that the inner surface of the cylinder cover, that is to say, the cylinder bottom is plane, to allow an easy finishing of the cover as well as of the cylinder bore.

In motors with a plurality of cylinders the plane of division m:r is parallel with the crank cylinder bottom, while towards the axis of the constructions.

One of the valves,

cylinder the valve seat extrudes slightly under a very acute angle from the cylinder bottom. The other valve 1, which is preferably the exhaust valve, is located in the mantle surface of the cylinder head forming the extension of the cylinder 5 bore. Hence, the cylinder bottom extends from the point of the valve 1 most remote from the inner stroke end of the cylinder to a diametrically opposite point of this latter. The sparking plug is arranged in the cylinder cover between the two 10 valves, so that it is situated substantially at the one end of the great axis of the elliptical cylinder bottom. In the case of two sparking plugs, they are arranged between the valves at either side of the line connecting the centers of the 15 valves that is to say of the great axis of the elliptical cylinder bottom.

The cylinder head according to this invention allows the. use of valves, especially of an inlet valve, of substantially larger diameter relatively 20 to the cylinder bore, than has been possible hitherto. Different advantages result therefrom. For example the volumetric efliciency is increased, the mean torque of the motor at low and middle speeds is higher, owing to the smaller retardation of closing of the inlet valve. The speed and the gear ratio can be increased under same conditions by about 20-25% against the known The cylinder bottom, which stands under an acute angle to the exhaust 30 valve, directs the exhaust gases towards the exhaust valve, so that the exhaust takes place with smaller frictional losses. The shape of the compression chamber causes a good turbulency of the gases during the suction. and compression 5 strokes in spite of the upper arrangement of the valves. As the greatest part of the surface of the compression chamber is formed by the piston and the valves, the cooling surface is comparatively small. In spite of the advantageous shape 40 of the compression chamber for the turbulency, the distance of the sparking plug from any point of the compression chamber is a small one. It is possible to fill the space of the compression chamber more or less by an extension I0 of the 45 piston, so that practically no limits are set to the reduction of the volume of the compression chamber, the turbulency being increased at the same time. As the compression chamber is an extension of the cylinder bore the former will be polished at the same time with the latter. The greatest part of the fiat cylinder bottom is occupied by the valve, while the remaining part thereof can be polished without complications. The highly polished surface of the compression as chamber is, however, very advantageous from the point of view of the heat losses. Great water spaces, completely surrounding the spark plugs, are due to the peculiar arrangement of the valves without injurious accumulation of material in the walls. 7 v

The valve gear is comparatively simple. According to Fig. 1 the exhaust valve 1 is controlled from the lower cam shaft H by means of the plunger 22 and of a bell crank lever 23 pivoted on shaft I2, while the inlet valve 4 is operated from the same cam shaft by the intermediary of the longer plunger 13 and the lever l5 journalled on shaft l4 mounted on the cylinder cover 5.

The arrangement according to Fig. 2 corresponds substantially to that one shown in Fig. 1, with the difference, however, that the seat of the inlet valve is exactly level with the cylinder bottom of the plane of division 1-3:. A common cam shaft 16 mounted on the cylinder operates the exhaust valve 1 directly by means of lever l1 and the inlet valve 4 through intermediary of a plunger 20 by means of lever l9 pivoted at l8 on the cylinder cover.

According to Fig. 3 separate cam shafts I8 5 and 2| are provided for the exhaust valve 1 and the inlet valve 4 respectively.

What we claim is:

In an internal combustion engine a flat cylinder bottom separated from the cylinder according 10 to a plane forming an acute angle with the cylinder axis, an inlet valve located in said cylinder bottom with its stem at an acute angle with respect to the cylinder axis, an exhaust valve located in the wall of a cylindrical extenl5 sion of the cylinder along the longitudinal axis thereof forming the compression chamber with its stem substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.

OTTO WIT'I'ENBERG.

20 EUGENE HARSANYI. 

